Good question - I also don’t know how clear those definitions are. In my head all managers that are under department heads would be middle, and department heads + C-suite would be upper/senior management. And the subset of upper management that is C-level is, well, C-level.

What’s Volkswagen’s org structure like? I wouldn’t normally expect a department head to be middle management.

Should be easy enough to identify https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/25/how-to-spot-a-fascist-the-umberto-eco-way