Today many of switching mode power supplies accept anywhere between 100-250V
Today many of switching mode power supplies accept anywhere between 100-250V
bases of pins are insulated, like in type C/E/F
you don’t have to have three phase circuit to be affected by floating neutral in three-phase substation upstream. in some places in us there are 208v interphase three-phase circuits, which give 120v phase to neutral, which is distributed as a pair of wires as single-phase circuit. this is also normal way to deliver single-phase power in europe, as it’s most efficient use of conductor. (from 400v three-phase circuits) in case more power is needed than single-phase circuit can deliver, three-phase circuit is installed
if there’s switch on device, it’s 2p1t meaning both phase and neutral are switched. if it’s permanent, non-pluggable circuit, like lightning, it’s okay if only phase is switched (neutral is connected permanently)
it’s a bad practice to design appliance in such a way to assume that neutral will have low voltage, because in case of neutral failure in three-phase circuit you can get full voltage there, and there can be a couple of volts difference (sometimes more) between neutral and ground even in normal circumstances
it’s better to cut off both live and neutral at the same time anyway, especially if there’s no standard which is which. also, as device designer you don’t know if it’ll be used on a circuit that has neutral and phase where you think it’ll go or not. (ie british appliance used on unpolarized circuit, like type F. adapters exist)
Type E/F carries 16A/230V, and nowadays there are shutters included which only allow two pins to be inserted at once, not one but not the other. There’s no standard as of which pin should be L1 and neutral anyway, nor it should matter, and fuses in british plugs are to accommodate ring circuits, which were introduced as a result of copper shortages (ie decades of tech debt)
Or you could just use thicker wires like everyone else, or drop the use of ring mains, which is the actual reason why fuses in plugs were introduced. The reason why this was done was post-WW2 copper shortage. In other countries you’ll see more likely star type circuit
I think that type A plug would be greatly improved in terms of safety and mechanically if it was put in a grounded metal shroud, in style of DIN connector https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_connector it still would be compact, smaller than type F
UK uses type G. Type E/F plug has both contact for grounding pin like in type E and two sliding ground contacts on side like in type F. Sockets are either E or F, and i’ve mostly seen E
no, because it’ll just trip fuse, and stoves are wired directly anyway
C/E/F also have shutters, probably more types do that too
Type E and F plugs are not really a thing anymore, today it’s more common to find combined Type E/F plugs.
Fuses in british plugs are a mistake and only a requirement because of sketchy practices allowed in british electrical code immediately after WW2. Nobody else does that because nowhere else electric code is built in such a way that it is necessary. Switch seems to be mildly useful tho
llms allowed them to glide all the way to the point of failure without learning anything
Live in the forest ig. Some defect to Ukrainians, there are flyers and websites and telegram channels for that, but hard to say how many choose so
japanese have 100v and don’t have this problem
It’s not. He-3 is supposed to be maybe one day used in fusion power, but we’re talking about tons of this stuff. Not only scale is off, also He-3 burning requires much higher temperature than D-T fusion, and this is just around in next 20 years pinky promise
People who think that it’s a big deal also take Ray Kurzweil seriously, it’s scifi noise
In practical terms, when DHS wanted to get He-3 neutron sensors, they bought out entire global supply for multiple years, for an application where only grams are needed and it’s not used up. It’s made from decay of tritium currently and it’d be less energy intensive to make it the usual way
you shouldn’t mix alcohol and zopiclone mate you’re gonna die from this
at minimum brits have source code. couple of eu countries make parts for it as well
there’s a couple of big failures in american defense industry (like shipbuilding) but F35 is not one of them. the alleged killswitch is not likely a thing because first, it could be used by the most probable adversary, and they already shown capability in EW; and second, it’s not necessary because it requires constant stream of spare parts and maintenance. as if it’s worth it, ask any remaining iranian radar operator for firsthand opinion
some countries switched to euro made jets anyway, but these aren’t likely to be doing the job that F35 is cut to do anyway (SEAD)
there’s already euro alternative in development, for which americans were explicitly not invited (GCAP, FCAS). there’s also the everything else part of military, half of euro countries make now artillery (both tube and rocket) so these can be bought locally too
it’s not listed because this is not what is happening
italy for example put bridge construction in that military budget (as critical infrastructure)
also the subtext was “spend that defense budget in america” and this is not happening either for variety of reasons, so it’s partial failure already for them
in many flats even recently built you don’t get three-phase power, just single phase, but building divides single three-phase supply into three groups of single phase circuits like you say (do you really need 20kW in residential flat? one that doesn’t use EV charger, built in 90s-10s?) i guess it depends on country also. separate houses tend to get three phase connection where i live
floating neutral will also be a problem in american-type two-phase installation, might be even worse (more frequent) on account of large number of lightly maintained transformers used (why on gods green earth there’s few-kV medium voltage line going down every street, americans make it make sense)